10 Tips for DE Safety
10 General Safety for the Digital Electronics class:
- Dont Run in the class room
- Always wear proper safety gear
- Always disconnect the power source when you finish with the machine
- Always label tools that are broken and inform the instructor
- Dont use tools until you have had proper instruction
- When using chemicals, Wear goggles and a lab coat to protect from potential spills
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Circuit Theory
Equipment and Tools:Components - Simple electronic devices that affect electrons in a circuit.
•Breadboards - Reusable platforms for prototyping circuits temporarily without soldering. •Measurement Tools – The Digital Multimeter (DMM) is widely used to measure: –Current (I) –Voltage (V) –Resistance (R) |
Voltage, Current, and Resistance:
Current – Current is the flow of electrical charge through an electronic circuit. The direction of a current is opposite to the direction of electron flow. Current is measured in AMPERES (AMPS).
Voltage – Voltage is the electrical force that causes current to flow in a circuit. It is measured in VOLTS.
Resistance – Resistance is a measure of opposition to current flow. It is measured in Ohms.
Voltage – Voltage is the electrical force that causes current to flow in a circuit. It is measured in VOLTS.
Resistance – Resistance is a measure of opposition to current flow. It is measured in Ohms.
Series & Parallel Circuits
Analog vs. Digital Circuits
Digital Signals:
•Discrete •Finite range of values (2) •Not as exact as analog, but easier to work with Amplitude:
For digital signals, this will ALWAYS be 5 volts. Period (T): The time it takes for a periodic signal to repeat. (in seconds) Frequency (ƒ): A measure of the number of cycles of the signal per second. (in Hertz) Time High (tH): The time (in sec.) the signal is high or 5v. Time Low (tL): The time (sec.) the signal is low or 0v. Duty Cycle (DC) (%): The ratio of tH to the period (T), expressed as a percentage. Rising Edge: A 0-to-1 transition of the signal. Falling Edge: A 1-to-0 transition of the signal. |
Ohm's Law and Kirchhoff's Voltage Law
Current Law
Circuit Theory: Breadboarding
Binary Number System
Decimal-to-Binary Conversion:
1. Divide the Decimal Number by 2; the remainder is the LSB of Binary Number
2. If the quotient is zero, the conversion is complete; else repeat step (a) using the quotient as the Decimal Number.
3.The new remainder is the next most significant bit of the Binary Number.
Binary-to-Decimal Conversion:
1. Multiply each bit of the Binary Number by it corresponding bit-weighting factor
2. Sum up all the products in step (a) to get the Decimal Number.
1. Divide the Decimal Number by 2; the remainder is the LSB of Binary Number
2. If the quotient is zero, the conversion is complete; else repeat step (a) using the quotient as the Decimal Number.
3.The new remainder is the next most significant bit of the Binary Number.
Binary-to-Decimal Conversion:
1. Multiply each bit of the Binary Number by it corresponding bit-weighting factor
2. Sum up all the products in step (a) to get the Decimal Number.
Scientific and Engineering Notation
Scientific notation- a way of writing very large and very small numbers in a compact form.
Engineering notation- similar to scientific notation. In engineering notation the powers of ten are always multiples of 3.
Engineering notation- similar to scientific notation. In engineering notation the powers of ten are always multiples of 3.